LANGUAGE FOCUS

• TENSES

A. Simple Present

Subjek + V1 + Objek

• Menyatakan kebiasaan. Contoh : I always play fooball every Sunday morning
  
  
• Menyatakan kebenaran sejati. Contoh : The sun rises in the east
  
  
• Menyatakan jadwal. Contoh : The trains leaves at 7 o'clock

B. Simple Past

Subjek + V2

Subyek + didn't + V1

• Menyatakan hal atau kegiatan yang terjadi pada waktu yang lalu.
  Contoh : I saw an accident last night
  I didn't see her at the meeting yesterday

C. Past Continous Tense

Subjek + was/were + V _ing

• Menyatakan hal atau peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu lampau ketika kegiatan lain terjadi.
  Contoh : We were watching television when uncle came

D. Present Perfect Tense

Subjek + has/have + V m

• Menyatakan kegiatan yang telah usai. Contoh : I have finished reading the novel

E. Past Perfect Tense

Subjek + had + V m

• Menyatakan hal yang lebih dahulu selesai sebelum kegiatan lain di masa lampau. Contoh : After had clocked the door, he left
  

F. Simple Future Tense

• Menyatakan kegiatan yang akan dilakukan.

Subjek + will + V1 : Gilang will study aboard next year

S + is/am/are + going to + V1 : Nova is going to visit me tomorrow

PASSIVE VOICE ( IN POSITIVE FORM )

1. Passive sentence is a sentence that the subject is subjected by adeed.

Kalimat pasif adalah suatu kalimat yang subjeknya dikenai oleh suatu perbuatan

2. Verb transitive verb must be used, the verb can be followed by an object or object.

Kata Kerja yang digunakan harus kata kerja transitive, yaitu kata kerja yang bisa diikuti oleh suatu objek atau benda

3. Passive sentence :

S + to be +V₃ ....................................... by ....

4. To be served to find Tenses of a sentence and to form the prefix in .. or most (ter-) .

To be berfungsi untuk menentukan Tenses dari suatu kalimat dan untuk membentuk awalan ( di-) atau ( ter- )

5. To be able to set out in 16 Tenses.

To be dapat dijabarkan dalam 16 Tenses

PRESENT FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

The Pattern :

A. Positive Pattern

S + will have + V3 ............................................ by the end ....

B. Negative Pattern

S + won't have + V3 ......................................... by the end ....

C. Interrogative Pattern

Will + S + have+ V3 ........................................ by the end .... ?

D. Question - word Pattern

QW + will + S + have + V3 ............................. by the end .... ?

Example :

( + ) We will have arrived in Jakarta tomorrow afternoon

( - ) We won't have arrived in Jakarta tomorrow afternoon

( ? ) Will we have arrived in Jakarta tomorrow afternoon ?

PRESENT FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSE

The Pattern :

A. Positive Pattern

S + will be + V4 + O + at ......................... o'clock

B. Negative Pattern

S + won't be + V4 + O + at ...................... o'clock

C. Interrogative Pattern

Will + S + be +V4 + O + at ...................... o'clock ?

D. Question - word Pattern

QW + will + S + be + V4 .......................... o'clock ?

Example :

( + ) You will be going to school at seven o'clock tomorrow morning

( - ) You won't be going to school at seven o'clock tomorrow morning

( ? ) Will you be going to school at seven o'clock tomorroe morning ?

PAST PERFECT TENSE

We use The Past Perfect to say that something had already happened before this time.

Example :

1. When I arrived at the party, Nova had already gone home.
2. When I got home, I found that someone had broken into my flat and had stolen my furcoat.
3. Cindy didn't want to come to the cinema with us because he had already seen the film twice.
4. It was my first time in an aeroplane. I was very nervous because I hadn't flown before

The Pattern :

A. Positive Pattern

S + had + V3 ......................................... when/before S + V₂

B. Negative Pattern

S + hadn't + V3 ................................ when/before S + V₂

C. Interrogative Pattern

Had + S + V3 ........................................ when/before S + V₂ ?

D. Question - word Pattern

QW + had + S + V3 ................................ when/before S + V₂ ?

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

We often use The Present Perfect Tense to give new information or to announce recent happening .

Example : Do you know about Cindy ? She's gone to Bandung.

We can use The Present Perfect Tense with already o say that something has happened sooner than expected.

Example : Don't forget to post this letter, will you ? I have already posted it.

We can use The Present Perfect Tense with just ( a short time ago ).

Example : Would you like something to eat ?
No, thanks . I have just had lunch.

We talk about a period of time that coninous up to the Present, we use The Present Perfect.

Example :

Cindy : Have you travelled a lot, Nova ?

Nova : Yes, I have been to 23 different countries

We often use ever and never with The Present Perfect.

Example :

Have you ever eaten caviar ?

We have never had a car

We have to use The Present Perfect Tense with this is the first time .... ,It the first.

Example : This is the first time he has driven a car. (not drives)

We often use The Present Perfect with yet. Yet shows that the speaker is expecting something to happen. Use yet only in questions and negative sentences.

Example : Has it stopped raining yet ? ( not didn't stop )

The Pattern :

A. Positive Pattern

S + have/has + V3 ......................................... etc

B. Negative Pattern

S + haven't/hasn't + V3 ................................ etc

C. Interrogative Pattern

Have/has + S + V3 ........................................ etc ?

D. Question - word Pattern

QW + have/has + S + V3 ................................ etc ?

PAST CONTINOUS TENSE

We use The Past Continous Tense to say that someone was in the middle of doing something at a certain time.

The action or situation had already started before this time but hadn't finished.

Example : This time last year I was living in Paris

We often use The Past Continous Tense and the past simple together o say that something happened in the middle of something else.

Example : When I was working in the office , I hurt my back

The Pattern :

A. Positive Pattern

S + was/were + V4 ...................................... When + S + V2 ..................

B. Negative Pattern

S + was/were + not + V4 ................................ When + S + V2 ................

C. Interrogative Pattern

Was/were + S + V4 ..................................... When + S + V2 ..................... ?

D. Question - word Pattern

QW + was/were + S + V4 ............................. When + S + V2 .................. ?

Example :

( + ) She was cooking rice when Nova came yesterday

( - ) She wasn't cooking rice when Nova came yesterday

( ? ) Was she cooking rice when Nova came yesterday ?